– ensuring high accuracy and efficiency of data on the positioning of containers and wagons with OG;

– control of the integrity of the container or wagon with exhaust gas;

– control of delivery time;

– monitoring of «abandoned» containers or wagons with exhaust

8) The use of IoT to evaluate the efficiency of operation and determine the cost of downtime is aimed at:

– optimizing the turnover time / size of the composition;

– determining the cost of downtime and invoicing;

– documentation of punctuality.

In European countries, the ERTMS system is used to improve traffic safety and control the movement of rolling stock on the site. The operation of this system is based on the principle of preventing train collisions by accurately positioning and controlling trains based on the calculation of the distance «to the target». The implementation of this technology is based on the information interaction of ground sensors, which promptly send data to the train cabin about the final goal and speed, as well as a description of the configuration and condition of infrastructure elements. Based on the analysis of data on the forward train, the speed and mode of train driving are adjusted.

The use of IoT and information about the location and condition of economic trains in the process of construction and repair work will ensure dispatching regulation not according to the standard, but according to the actual condition. There will also be automatic transmission of information about identified potentially dangerous failures and a warning about the necessary measures (speed limit, application for work, etc.) will be generated to prevent the transition of this failure in case of a traffic safety violation.

An analysis of the use of IoT on various types of transport indicates that this technology has received the greatest development and scaling in the field of motor transport, since the number of motorists exceeds the number of professional pilots, machinists and navigators by an order of magnitude. Based on the use of smartphone data with geolocation connected to a single network, traffic monitoring systems have been built on maps.

The use of cloud solutions provides:

– rational distribution and use of transport resources;

– minimization of the required fleet;

– reduction of mileage by optimizing routes;

– reduction of associated costs.

The applicability of the Internet of Things in the transport industry is considered as follows:

– as an integral part of the vehicle management system: online monitoring of on-board vehicle systems by a service center to prevent maintenance, remote diagnostics, etc.;

– allows you to manage traffic and control: devices collect traffic information and send it directly to the devices of drivers who plan their route based on this information;

– provides new transport scenarios (multimodal transport): the user of a special system will be offered a solution for transportation from point A to B based on all available and suitable vehicles;

– provide autonomous driving and interaction with infrastructure: the interaction between the vehicle and the environment is carried out by considering road navigation systems that combine the localization of the road and the assessment of the shape of the road. [46]

The intelligent movement system is based not on the use of local information space, but on the use of cloud distributed space (cloud) or distributed cyberspace with real mobile units.

The use of cloud technologies allows you to centrally collect a large amount of data in real time: