– maintenance of rolling stock according to technical condition;

– reduction of consumption of fuel and energy resources;

– remote monitoring and control of the location of the locomotive and wagon fleet, optimization of the logistics of wagons and cargo.

2) IoT diagnostics and monitoring of the condition of rolling stock:

– analysis of data promptly received from sensors in the process of monitoring the technical condition of the train, allows you to move from the modeling system to predicting the pre-failure condition;

– development of preventive measures aimed at improving reliability and operational readiness to increase the service life of particularly important components and parts of rolling stock, based on the analysis of their monitoring;

– reduction of the probability of failures of the main elements and associated downtime;

– creation of a database on the terms of repairs and areas of circulation of rolling stock for rational planning of maintenance and repair;

– planning the allocation of resources and spare parts for repair work.

Data from monitoring systems of train parameters «on the move» are analyzed in real time and used to prevent accidents in the operation of rolling stock. [51]

3) IoT is used to monitor railway infrastructure. With the help of sensors, you can monitor the state of the infrastructure in real time, as well as predict pre-failure states.

The IoT functions for optimizing the technological state of the infrastructure are as follows:

– remote monitoring and control of the dynamic characteristics of the railway track and switches;

– remote control and monitoring of separate points and crossings;

– precise positioning of the controlled object to increase the speed of response to dangerous failures;

– improving the objectivity of the analysis of the state of objects

and their parameters in real time.

– remote monitoring and control of automation and telemechanics.

When processing electronic data about a defect from an IoT device, an application for repair can be automatically created, the necessary material can be reserved in the warehouse and workers can be sent to the place of the defect.

4) The task of optimizing the control of consumption of fuel and energy resources:

– automatic monitoring of fuel and energy resources consumption;

– analysis of fuel discharge cases;

– assessment of the directions of saving fuel and energy resources and the development of a system for building energy-efficient traffic schedules depending on the current state of the infrastructure;

– determination and analysis of the train driving style by drivers;

– monitoring of stop periods.

5) IoT is also used to ensure the safety of personnel at work. As part of this, it is carried out:

– online monitoring of the driver’s current condition using sensors embedded in wristbands to prevent emergencies;

– monitoring the presence of personnel in permitted/prohibited areas;

– notification of the approach of mobile units to the area where workers are located with the transmission of signals by warning devices based on satellite navigation.

6) IoT is used to provide additional services to passengers:

– provision of self-service services to passengers to purchase tickets and offer additional services of interest;

– remote control of information boards and panels on passenger infrastructure and rolling stock for passengers to receive relevant and important information;

– providing access to the Internet.

7) The use of IoT for the implementation of intermodal transportation and transportation of dangerous goods (hereinafter referred to as OG) is intended to implement the following functions: