1.2.2.1 Road safety system

In the event of an accident, the necessary information about the vehicle, including its exact coordinates, the time of the accident, damage data is automatically transmitted to the server center of the monitoring system and will allow for prompt notification and response of the involved services. [46]

Another direction of IoT implementation is warning about potential dangers on the road and timely detection of deviations of vehicle parameters from regulatory values in order to prevent the occurrence of road accidents and carry out appropriate measures to manage a dangerous failure.

The use of IoT is also aimed at increasing the active safety of cars through the use of intelligent transport systems in operation:

– registration of vehicle movement parameters;

– registration of parameters of road accidents;

– lane departure warnings (LDWS);

– tire air pressure monitoring;

– monitoring of the driver’s condition.

Thus, work is underway to build an IoT ecosystem to improve road safety. In addition to intelligent brake control support, an important factor is monitoring the condition of car tires online, since uneven wear and changes in the parameters of the interaction of wheels with the road surface depend on the actual tire pressure.

The construction of a cloud system will ensure that information about a significant deviation in temperature and tire pressure level from the standards is received on the vehicle’s on-board computer or on the owner’s phone, as well as on the traffic police network resources, in order to identify inconsistencies in their operating modes and promptly take measures to eliminate this incident. Recommendations on the time of the next maintenance are also formed.

Today, many companies are working on projects for the intellectualization of cars. Tesla, Honda, KAMAZ and other automakers have fully autonomous vehicles in the form of concepts and models ready for production.

Along with the development of fully autonomous vehicles, automakers are working on improving driver assistance systems (ADAS) that use V2X and 5G technologies to communicate with other road users.

These include machine learning and big data, the use of sensor information and automation. The idea is that intelligent machines are better than humans at receiving, analyzing and transmitting data. Manufacturers can identify inefficiencies and problems of new models earlier and quickly find solutions to eliminate them.

1.2.2.2 Self-driving cars

An actual trend in recent years is the introduction of autonomous driving technology to improve the efficiency and safety of traffic [46]

Already today, there is a «Connected cars» technology that allows a car to have a permanent bidirectional connection with other devices and machines. It should be noted right away that an increase in the number of such machines will improve the interaction between them.

To date, the following systems of intelligent interaction of objects of the transport process and the environment are distinguished:

V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure (markings, traffic lights, road signs, etc.)): this type collects information about the infrastructure around the car, about changes in environmental conditions, about safety, etc.;

V2V (Vehicle to vehicle): this type, in turn, collects information and is exchanged by means of wireless technologies with the nearest machines to reduce accidents;

V2C (Vehicle to cloud): allows you to share information with the cloud and use information from other areas related to the cloud, for example, with a smart home;