3. An improvement in technology will increase the supply of a good, increasing the quantity supplied at each possible price.
4. Governments regulate economic activities imposing some restrictions.
5. The governments can influence for whom goods are produced, taking income away from some people and giving it to others.
6. The high price for a good is the market mechanism telling suppliers it is now time to increase production.
7. The developing countries hope that the industrial countries will raise imports from the less developed countries imposing tariffs on imports from other industrial countries.
8. Income is money of all kinds coming in regularly to a person, family or organization.
9. Active money is money going from man to man and used by the people in buying and selling goods and services.
10. Reducing our imports, we decrease the exports of others.
11. At prices above equilibrium we have a situation known as excess supply, or surplus.
11. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов.
1. The fashion for miniskirt (increased/ reduced) the demand for textile materials.
2. Even in (some/the same) middle-income countries many people are very poor.
3. Government regulations sometimes (decrease/ impose) a change in (technology/quantity) that producers do not want to use.
4. Stabilization of prices is of great importance to industrial nations (as well as /as well) the Third World countries.
5. Freeing up (освобождение) prices leads to their (decrease/increase).
6. (Inferior/normal) goods are usually low-quality goods for which there are higher-quality (improvements/substitutes) sold at higher prices.
7. A decrease in (complement/input) prices makes the production less expensive.
12. Закончите предложения, использовав сравнительные конструкции со словами than или as.
1. The market is in equilibrium when the demanded quantity is as large…
2. Prices rise when they are not so high…
3. Prices rise when they are lower…
4. We may have excess supply if prices are higher…
5. The demand for inferior goods at high incomes will not be as high…
Задание на дом № 2
13. Вставьте в предложения следующие прилагательные и наречия, образуя соответствующую форму степени сравнения:
high, important (2), many, large, low, effectively, much, great, clear, reliable, strong (2), quickly
1. Command economy relies… on planning than on prices.
2. Knowledge of foreign languages is of… importance now than it was some 40 years ago.
3. The degree of government regulation in present-day Russia is… than in the Soviet Union.
4. Government inter vention in Sweden is as… as in Denmark or, probably…
5. Land quality is… for agriculture than for other industries.
6. If we want to have a… picture of economic life in the country, we must have… information.
7. In the 18th century the… part of national income in… European countries came from import and export tariffs. These days they play a… role.
8. Governments can influence for whom goods are produced… in economies with… levels of government regulation.
9. If other things are equal, this firm will do the work… than the others.
14. а) Русским существительным, обозначающим изменения качества или количества, в английском языке часто соответствует прилагательное в сравнительной степени или причастие II. Например: увеличение цен – higher prices, increased prices; улучшение технологии – better technology, improved technology. Переведите двумя способами следующие словосочетания:
1. повышение доходов; 2. уменьшение спроса; 3. увеличение инвестиций; 4. сокращение рынка; 5. повышение предложения; 6. улучшение технологии; 7. увеличение ресурсов