г) Русскому обороту в… раз соответствует английское слово… times без предлога. Например: уменьшился в два раза– decreased two times.

Скажите по-английски:

уменьшился в три раза; увеличился в четыре раза; уменьшился во много раз; увеличился в пять раз

д) Часто говорят увеличился (уменьшился) с… до… – increased (decreased) from… to…

Скажите по-английски:

уменьшился с 102 % в 1988 г. до 57 % в 1997 г.; увеличился с 40 тысяч тонн в 1991 г. до 42 тысяч тонн в 1998 г.; увеличился с $24 500 в 1996 г. до $24 650 в 1997 г.

3. Образуйте причастия I и II от следующих глаголов, назовите их русские эквиваленты:

to work, to allocate, to limit, to analyze, to say, to make, to produce, to study, to buy, to sell, to give

4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции причастий:

1. Exports are goods and services sold to other countries.

2. In free market economies changes in price are never results of regulations imposed by governments.

3. Imposing some restrictions on food prices, governments make it possible for all the people to buy enough food.

4. The 3.8 billion (миллиард) people of the world in the early 1970s had about 20 percent more to eat than the 2.7 billion living 20 years earlier.

5. Knowing that their resources are limited, people make a decision how to allocate them in the best possible way (наилучшим образом).

6. The government can regulate monopolies controlling the prices or supplying the products itself.

5. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий и переведите их на русский язык:

a) large, old, few, new; high, poor, low;

b) good, bad, little, many;

c) important, reliable, effective, difficult, limited, developed, popular;

d) effectively, soon, successfully, quickly, often, slowly, much, well

6. Переведите текст Demand and Supply и отработайте его чтение.

7. Выделите в тексте причастные обороты и причастия I и II.

TEXT

Demand and Supply

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price[3]. Other things equal[4], at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are assumed[5] as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

Government regulates demand and supply imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.

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