Аудиторная работа № 2

17. а) Ответьте на вопросы к тексту Demand and Supply.

1. What is demand?

2. What is supply?

3. When are the demanded and supplied quantities of goods high?

4. How are prices and the supplied and demanded quantities regulated by the market?

5. Which factors influence demand? How do they work?

6. Which factors influence supply?

7. How can governments regulate demand and supply?

б) Подумайте и скажите:

1. How can prices for other goods influence the demand for a good? Supply examples.

2. What inferior goods can you name?

3. What may be the result of imposing ceiling prices?

18. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на слова some и the same.

At some price, which we call the «equilibrium price», the demanded quantity of a good equals the supplied quantity.

All markets have the same economic function: they form prices equalling the quantities of goods that people wish to buy or to sell.

There has been some rise of income in the past two decades (десятилетия) in developing countries.

A less developed country is the same as a country of the Third World.

An association is an organization formed by the people having the same interests and held together by a system of management.

For the next twenty years the supply of energy will be limited in some sectors of the US economy.

A consumer group is a small group of people living in the same place who study the prices and the quality of consumer goods sold in shops, and make the information known to the public.

An improvement in technology is something that makes it possible for firms to produce more goods with the same quantity of inputs as before.

19. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слова as и сочетаний с ним.

If the rise in prices is very large and quick, the situation is known as hyperinflation.

As to price ceilings, without government regulation and organization they may lead to «black market» as well as other social and economic problems.

Complement goods are those goods which you cannot use one without the other, such as cars and petrol. As the price for petrol rises, the demand for cars reduces.

Only when demand equals supply, people can buy or sell as much as they want.

Harvest failures (неурожаи) are the most important reason for changes in agricultural product supply, but there are other reasons as well.

Attempts to organize supply restrictions in coffee and cocoa have not been so effective as OPEC regulation of quantities of oil sold to other countries.

As the supply increases with an improvement in technology, firms want to produce more at the same price level as before.

Every firm wants to sell as many goods as possible.

20. Составьте все возможные словосочетания из слов в правой и левой колонке и переведите их на русский язык.

price

to influence

improvement

to decrease

quantity, to reduce, to rise, to impose, input, to raise, equilibrium, to fall, private, reduction, substitute

surplus, a seller, technology, input price, a good, a buyer, to raise, supply

decrease, surplus, quantity, to sell, technology, a good

shortage, technology, input price, seller, quantity, surplus, reduction

Задание на дом № 3

21. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на слова и словосочетания из словарного минимума к тексту Demand and Supply.

1. If the price is higher than the equilibrium one, it will be falling till the equilibrium price is reached and there is no more surplus left. If a good is sold at a price below the equilibrium one, the price will grow and reach the equilibrium price till there is no more shortage of the good left.