1. Economics is the study of how society decides what, how, and for whom to produce.

2. The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's limitless demand for goods and services and the resources which can be allocated for the production of these goods and services.

3. The market is the process by which individuals' decisions about consumption of goods, firms' decisions about what and how to produce, the workers" decisions about how much and for whom to work are reconciled by prices.

4. When resources are limited, they are allocated through the political process. In a country like Sweden with a strong government the level of production of social services may be higher than the level of production of goods for individual consumption.

5. The world economy produces mostly for the people living in the industrial countries.

6. In many countries there was a large dose of central regulation and planning.

7. Even the countries with free market economy still have high levels of government activity in the production of public goods and services and the regulation of markets.

8. All-round planning is not an easy task, and there is not any command economy that relies entirely on planning for all resources allocation decisions.

20. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Развитые страны достигают экономического успеха через специализацию.

2. В годы войны в стране всегда имеет место регулирование экономики правительством.

3. В экономиках смешанного типа имеются правительственные ограничения того, что производить и как производить.

4. Каждый менеджер принимает решения, как распределить ограниченные ресурсы наилучшим образом.

5. Мы не можем положиться на эти данные при планировании производства на следующий год.

6. При рыночной экономике регулирование производства и потребления осуществляется через цены.

21. а) Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме.

There (to be) various forms of government restrictions and regulations in economies. For example, Turkey and Norway both (to limit) profits of firms, the latter also (to control) prices and wages; in Bolivia the tin mines (to nationalize)', in China communes (to establish)', in Cuba the government (to own) many industries and firms; and in Britain eight basic industries (to nationalize).

A free market economy (to be) rare in the world.

The level of economy regulation (to be) different in different countries. In some countries it (to grow) in recent years, in others more freedom (to grant) to firms and individuals. But the general tendency (to be) to keep government regulation at quite a high level.

б) Напишите к тексту четыре вопроса: общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный.

Аудиторная работа № 3

22. Заполните пропуски в предложениях следующими словами и переведите предложения на русский язык:

both, government, restrictions, the former, the latter, economics, through, to produce, services (2), goods (2), regulations, mixed economy

1. Every group of people must solve three main problems: what… and… to produce, how… them and for whom to produce them.

2… is placed among the social sciences.

3. Markets in which there is no… intervention are called free markets.

4. Society allocates resources into production… the price system.

5. There are no government… and… in a free market economy.

6… is an economy in which the government and private sector cooperate in solving economic problems.

7. Government regulations and restrictions must… work in the interests of society.