2. The imports tariffs were not raised high enough to decrease imports.

3. Statistics depends too much on limited information resources to avoid (избегать) compromises.

4. The economic growth is too slow now to expect a rapid increase in demand and supply.

5. In developing countries, labour efficiency is too low in agriculture to hope for an increase in food supply in the near future.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на оборот for + существительное + инфинитив.

1. The free market is one way for society to solve the economic problems as to what, how and for whom to produce.

2. Economically advanced countries' aid to the Third World is not generally strong enough for the latter to achieve economic independence.

3. For research and development to be carried out, the governments in less developed countries have to invest enough resources in their own research institutes.

4. For higher profit to be obtained, firms have to increase efficiency of labour.

5. Unemployment is growing too rapidly for labour markets to be in equilibrium.

5. Переведите текст Factors of Production: Capital and Labour и отработайте его чтение.

6. Найдите в тексте:

1) инфинитив в качестве подлежащего;

2) инфинитив в качестве обстоятельства цели;

3) оборот for + существительное + инфинитив;

4) предложения, где слово it не переводится;

5) предложения, в которых слово one не переводится.

TEXT

Factors of Production: Capital and Labour

Factors of production are resources used by firms as inputs for a good or service to be produced. Factors of production are as follows: capital, labour, and natural resources.

In economic theory, the term «capital» refers to goods and money used to produce more goods and money. Classifications of capital vary with the purpose of the classification. The most general distinction is the one made between physical, financial, and human capital.

Physical capital is land, buildings, equipment, raw materials. Bonds, stocks, available bank balances are included in the financial capital. They both make a great contribution to production.

To group capital into fixed capital and circulating capital is common practice[8]. The former refers to means of production such as land, buildings, machinery and various equipment. They are durable, that is, they participate in the production process over several years. Circulating capital includes both non-renewable goods, such as raw materials and fuel, and the funds required to pay wages and other claims against[9] the enterprise. Non-renewable goods are used up in one production cycle and their value is fully transferred to the final product.

Human capital is knowledge that contributes «know-how» to production. It is increased by research and disseminated through education. Investment in human capital results in new, technically improved, products and production processes which improve economic efficiency. Like physical capital, human capital is important enough to be an indicator of economic development of a nation.

It is common, in economics, to understand labour as an effort needed to satisfy human needs. It is one of the three leading elements of production. Labour has a variety of functions: production of raw materials, manufacturing of final products, transferring things from one place to another, management of production, and services like the ones rendered by physicians and teachers.

One can classify labour into productive and unproductive. The former produces physical objects having utility. The latter is useful but does not produce material wealth. Labour of the musician is an example.