V2P (Vehicle to people or Vehicle to pedestrian): exchanges information with pedestrians, allows you to increase mobility and reduce accidents on the roads;
V2X (Vehicle to Everything): exchanges information with all vehicles and infrastructure, includes cars, highways, planes, etc.
– V2D (Vehicle to device);
– I2I (infrastructure-to-infrastructure, interaction between different infrastructure elements).
Prospects for using IoT in combination with unmanned vehicles:
– smart home management. When plotting a route to the user’s home, an unmanned vehicle can send a signal to the home equipment to perform certain actions, as well as control the garage door, which will automatically park the unmanned vehicle, and much more;
– route estimation. The car, using IoT technologies, can estimate the route (elevation difference, traffic congestion), thereby optimizing its further movement;
– automatic payment. A simple but convenient way to pay for parking, toll roads, and more;
– reduction of accidents on the roads. The computer responsible for driving the car will be able to automatically receive information about possible concentrations of people in certain areas and take the necessary measures.
Depending on the frequency and specifics of trips, artificial intelligence will be able to predict, for example, the need for a technical inspection or the need to replace tires.
1.2.3 Application of IoT in the aviation industry
As noted in, the use of IoT for dynamic tracking and compensation of turbulent flows on the surface of aircraft is actively developing to improve the efficiency of aircraft design and reduce fuel consumption.
To overcome the difficulties of measuring at high speeds of modern aircraft, engineering solutions are being developed for the placement of dense networks of sensors and actuators for accurate registration, the formation of turbulent flows and the development of control actions aimed at countering their effects.
The usual air transport control towers are being replaced by intelligent systems based on receiving data from high-precision video cameras of a new generation. It also allows you to adjust the schemes of operation of ground transport of airports, planning of passenger terminals.
1.2.4 Internet of Things in marine environment monitoring
The issues of monitoring the marine environment are currently receiving close attention due to the importance of climate change issues. It is worth noting that traditional marine monitoring systems take a lot of time, and the collected data have a low resolution. The Internet of Things plays an important role in this area. Compared to wireless sensor networks (WSN), IoT has much more powerful data processing capabilities, providing intelligent object management.
The scope of marine environment monitoring based on IoT include: 1) ocean sounding and monitoring; 2) water quality monitoring; 3) coral reef monitoring; 4) offshore or deep-sea fisheries monitoring.
Sensor nodes are used to determine and monitor environmental parameters such as water temperature and pH, salinity, turbidity, oxygen density and chlorophyll levels, and the collected data is transmitted to the receiving nodes via the ZigBee network protocol or other wireless communication protocols.
The use of digital technologies makes it possible to improve the methods of monitoring and detection of water pollution. The use of specialized applications opens up new opportunities for underwater climate registration, monitoring of marine fauna, detection of natural resources, pipeline leaks, etc.