7. Governments are to regulate or plan production and consumption. The former is typical of mixed economies, the latter is typical of command economies.

Задание на дом № 2

12. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие оборот to be + of + существительное.

1. Economists' recommendations may be of high value to governments but governments do not always rely on them.

2. The study of economics is of great use even to those students who have no wish to become professional economists.

3. Basic problems of economics are of great importance to every economist, while specific problems of farm economics are mostly of interest to economists who study agriculture.

4. Since economists cannot make experiments, collecting and using information from a large number of past years is of practical importance for analysing and solving problems of today.

5. Professional marketing services are of great value to producer's and sellers.

6. Economic statistics are of interest to economic policy decision-makers.

13. Перепишите предложения, заменяя формы действительного залога на формы страдательного. Обращайте внимание на то, в каком времени употреблен глагол.

ОБРАЗЕЦ: In a command economy the government makes all decisions about production and consumption. – > In a command economy all decisions about production and consumption are made by the government.

1. The government made all resources allocation decisions in the Soviet Union.

2. Prices regulate consumption and production in a market economy.

3. In a mixed economy the government does not entirely regulate exchange of goods.

4. The economists are monitoring the prices and levels of consumption of different goods and services.

5. Economics analyses society's production and consumption levels.

6. The company has made a decision to start producing new machines.

7. Economists had studied and discussed the ideas of Karl Marx for over sixty years before Russians put them into life.

8. If we allocate enough resources to agriculture, we will achieve a high level of production.

14. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги, где это необходимо.

1… a command economy that relies… central planning, government's economic role is… prime importance.

2… a free-market economy, economic decisions are made… firms and individuals and resources are allocated… markets.

3. Economic statistics are the statistics about levels… production and consumption… an economy, exports and imports, inflation and other information. They are usually collected… government.

4. The municipal council (городской совет) made a decision last year to allocate more money… the construction… the bridge… the airport.

5… such high prices… food the government cannot hope to keep its consumption… a sufficient (достаточный) level.

6. When people are poor, social services are… higher demand.

7. The European Union's (Европейский экономический союз) statistics are collected… the union level and… national levels of member countries.

8. The demand… bread has been going down… Western Europe… several years.

9. Some direct methods… price regulation are sometimes used… governments, but they usually rely… indirect regulation.

10. Prices… farm products have been an example… government regulation… prices… the USA… a long time.

11. Individuals… demand… goods and services not only determine what and how much is produced… an economy, but also how many workers are allocated… every industry.

Аудиторная работа № 2

15. а) Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту Market and Command Economies.

1. What is the central economic problem of a society?