The options of these codes are similar in English and Russian languages, but the cultural myths are different. For example, the English connect the bird’s red breast with the red uniform of the British postmen, who are called “robins” because of uniforms’ bright color. In the 19^>th century the picture of a robin-postman was printed on postage stamps and Christmas cards. In Russia a postman, who delivers the Christmas and New Year greetings, is traditionally represented by a bullfinch.

Interpreters should look for the necessary language means to represent differences in the cultural biomorphic codes.

1. Krasnykh V.V.: Etnopsikholingvistika i lingvokul'turologiya: Kurs lektsiy. – M.: ITDGK «Gnozis», 2002. – 284 s.

2. Florin S., Vlakhov S. Neperevodimoye v perevode. – M.: Izdatel'stvo «Mezhduna-rodnyye otnosheniya», 1980. – 341 s.

3. Stikhi Matushki Gusyni: Sbornik / Na angl. i russk. yaz. – M.: OAO Izdatel'stvo «Raduga», 2003. – 384 s.

УДК 81-22

BAKIROVA A.

Ufa State University of Economics and Service (Ufa)

Intercultural communications relates to cultural competence. Interacting with people of different backgrounds is important in the modern day world and understanding the cultural context, background, and upbringing of the people around you, can allow a better relationship to develop.

Intercultural communication is laden with difficulties. Even with the progressive globalization of the modern world, language continues to be a barrier to effective communication. If you have ever studied a foreign language or spoken with someone for whom English is a second language, you are aware that many speech patterns and common expressions simply do not translate well. Although nonverbal intercultural communication is less frequently explored, it is still extremely important. From hand gestures to bowing, nonverbal communication is crucial in every culture. Understanding the common issues associated with intercultural communication can lead to more effective communication with people from different cultures.

Knowing how to speak two languages is not the same thing as knowing how to translate. Translation is a special skill that professionals work hard to develop.

When an advanced translator takes on a job they keep in mind the numerous aspects that go beyond simply translating the literal English translation. These aspects include:

•  Cultural nuances

•  Document structure

•  Context

•  Composition

•  Accurate dialect/colloquialism

•  Understood target audience

Why is English Translation Difficult?

There are several, unique aspects of the English language that cause English translation into another language to be quite challenging. One of these difficulties includes the verb-adverb concept that is distinct to English. This concept includes combinations like “turn on,” “turn off,” “mark up,” or “mark down.” It can be quite difficult for translators to reflect this as other languages only use single specific verbs instead of the English verb-adverb combinations.

Another reason English translation into another language is so difficult is because of how English incorporates articles. Even though nearly every Western European languages use articles, a significant amount of other languages do not.