A book, a play, a part, a day

An apple, an end, an arm, an aim

The [ðə] forces, the state, the waves, the changes

The [ð׀] apples, the arms, the aims, the end


This book – these books; this town – these towns

That thing – those things; that day – those days


My book, my box, my thing, my house

His book, his box, his things, his house

Her book, her box, her things, her house

Its work, its form, its name, its length


Note: The part’s name – наименование детали.

Its name – ее (детали) наименование.

Our town, our things, our work, our house, our friend

Your town, your things, your work, your house, your friends

Their town, their things their work, their house, their friends


The possessive (притяжательный) pronouns


My – мой; his – его; her – ее; its – его, ее; our – наш; your – твой, ваш; their – их.


The relative (относительный) pronouns


Me – меня, мне; him – его, ему; her – ее, ей; it – его, ее, ему, ей; us – наc, нам; you – тебя, тебе, вас, вам; them – их, им.

Read and memorize

The nouns in the Singular


Scientist (ученый), science (наука), research (исследование), an exercise (упражнение), a student (студент), a book (книга), an instrument (прибор), a device (устройство, прибор), a tool (инструмент), a method (метод), an approach (научный подход), a technique (метод, прием), a talk (выступление, сообщение), a paper/a lecture (доклад), an experiment (эксперимент), a thing (вещь), a series

[’siəriz] (серия), a hypothesis [hai’pouθisiz] (гипотеза), a man [mæn] (человек, мужчина), a woman [«wumən] (женщина).


The nouns in the Plural


Scientists, sciences, researchers, exercises, students, books, instruments, devices, tools, methods, approaches, techniques, talks, papers, lectures, experiments, things, series [’siəri: z] (серии), hypotheses [hai’pouθisi: z] (гипотезы), men [men], women [«wimin].


The articles and the pronouns


A, an, the, this (этот), these (эти), that (тот), those (те), many (много), much (много), here (сюда, здесь), there (туда, там).


The adjectives


Good (хороший), right (правильный), correct (верный), interesting (интересный), complicated (сложный), easy (легкий), reliable (надежный), reasonable (подходящий, приемлемый), nice (приятный, славный), eligible (подходящий, проходной), relevant (релевантный, соответствующий, уместный), valid (валидный, cocтоятельный, действительный, непросроченный), invalid (несостоятельный, просроченный), sophisticated (сложный, высокоусовершенствованный, всеобъемлющий), different (другой, иной, разные), see (видеть), saw (видел), seen (увиденный), tell (сказать), told (сказал), told (сказанный).


The phrases and sentences


I am a researcher (исследователь). He is a good scientist. It is correct. The method is complicated. It is a good paper. These are reliable devices (приборы). We were students. It was a reasonable hypothesis. They were right. Pete is right. The experiment is complicated. This is his book. These are reasonable hypotheses. This is a good series of experiments. These men and women are scientists. These are good papers. That was correct. These are their books. I see you. He saw them. They saw us. I saw her. She saw me. His paper (статья) is good. Her hypothesis is correct.


Could you speak slowly, please? Говорите медленно, пожалуйста.

Can you tell me the time, please? Скажите, пожалуйста, сколько времени?

Could you tell me the time, please? Не могли бы вы сказать мне, сколько времени сейчас (the same, but more polite).

What is the time, could you tell me? Который час, не скажете?

Will you step aside a little, please? Посторонитесь (отодвиньтесь немного), пожалуйста.