replace v (smth by / with smth) заменять(что-л. чём-л.)

Coal was replaced by oil. – Уголь был заменен нефтепродуктами,

exist v существовать, быть

spending n расходы

since 1)prep and cj с, с тех пор как; 2) cj так как; поскольку

determine v определять, устанавливать

aggregate demand – совокупный спрос(совокупный спрос на все товары и услуги в экономике в какое– то определенное время)

make up (made, made) v составлять

considerable adj значительный; большой

add v (to smth) добавлять, прибавлять (к чему-л.)

tax n налог

taxation n налогообложение

fiscal policy – налоговая, фискальная, бюджетная политика (использование государственных расходов для воздействия на экономику государства в целом)

Аудиторная работа № 1

6. Назовите номера предложений, в которых инфинитив является определением, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. In some rural areas of the USA and Canada it is common practice to be employed on a farm and elsewhere at the same time.

2. When each unit of capital input costs £320 per week and each unit of labour input costs £300 per week, the cheapest way to produce 100 units of output is to use labour-intensive technology (трудоемкая технология).

3. The value of the total output to be produced in the public sector and the private sector will make up the gross national product.

4. We know the quantity of capital inputs to affect the total output.

5. Competing suppliers may maintain their prices at a low level to attract customers from a higher-price firm.

6. Imports may be raw materials for domestic production or the goods to be consumed directly by households, such as a Japanese television set or a bottle of French wine.

7. Переведите на русский язык предложения со словом there.

1. There may be a number of ways to solve the problem of scarce information resources.

2. There exists considerable unemployment in some economies while a lot of vacancies (вакансия, незанятое рабочее место) cannot be filled.

3. In the 1980s, there continued a rise in the GNP per person in all groups of countries.

4. Since government intervention in agriculture has grown, there have occurred considerable changes in grain markets both of the USA and Europe.

5. There is a large amount of economic activity that cannot be measured, such as household services and the underground economy.

6. There exists close (тесная) relationship between minimum wages and standard of living.

7. If there is a subsidy for housing, there may be an incentive for the landowner to transfer land from farming to housing.

8. There is unequal (неравный) income distribution within each country as well as between (different) countries.

8. Найдите среди английских словосочетаний эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний:

амортизация фондов, обложение собственности налогом, экономика в целом, отечественное производство, существующие фонды, средняя заработная плата, средняя семья, крупная собственность, собственность за рубежом

existing assets, fiscal policy, to replace assets, taxation of assets abroad, property taxation, depreciation measure, depreciation of assets, circular flow of payments, average household, household spending, taxes imposed on households, home production, property abroad, economy as a whole, average wage, domestic production rather than production abroad, household property, domestic production, considerable property

9. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов.

1. The (measure / way) in which the European Union's statistical system is adapting to requirements of the 21st century is of importance both inside and outside the European Union.