per capita, per head – на человека, на душу населения
expenditure n расходы; сумма, израсходованная для оплаты товаров или услуг
result in v (smth) приводить к (чему-л.), кончаться(чем-л.)
market demand – рыночный спрос, требования рынка; общий объем товара, который требуется по конкретной цене в конкретный момент времени
depend v (on, upon) зависеть (от); обусловливаться
affect (smth) воздействовать, влиять (на что-л.)
Аудиторная работа № 1
6. Переведите следующие прилагательные
а) с отрицательными приставками:
ineffective – effective (эффективный); inactive – active (активный); irregular – regular (регулярный); improper – proper (правильный);
б) образованные от существительных при помощи суффиксов – fid (обозначает наличие качества) и – less (обозначает отсутствие качества):
landless, fruitful, fruitless, endless, resourceful
7. Напишите русские эквиваленты следующих интернациональных слов. Сгруппируйте слова по частям речи.
reserve, traditionally, to finance, industrialization, to exploit, textile, politician, quota, strategy, exports, imports, tariff, protectionism, statistics, licence, energy, dynamic, equivalent, dividend, subsidy, corruption, specific, special, partner, to calculate, calculation, migration, investment, rent, real, indicator, privatization, standard
8. Назовите номера предложений, в которых причастие в функции определения употреблено в постпозиции.
1. Reductions in income increase the quantity demanded if a good is inferior.
2. There is an assumption that the consumer chooses the good having the greatest utility for him.
3. The entire quantity produced does not have to be sold at once.
4. The utility depends on the quantities of the goods consumed.
5. Marginal utility is the utility obtained from that unit of a good that a consumer thinks is important for him to obtain.
6. As consumers prefer more to less, an increase in the amount of a good bought increases utility.
7. The consumer will always prefer buying the good that gives him more marginal utility per dollar spent.
9. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на глаголы, выражающие долженствование.
1. The consumer has to decide by how much the good A is preferred to the good B.
2. A great increase in the supply of money in the form of bank notes and bank credit is to result in inflation, that is, a rise in the general level of prices.
3. If prices change, the consumer will have to change the quantities demanded if he is to maintain utility at the same level.
4. Not all partners in a firm must take an active part in management.
5. The economist should be able to say which factors affect the allocation of resources for producing a particular good.
6. He ought to take a more active part in decision making on the exports strategy of the company.
7. Provided additional inputs are to be obtained, producers must have smaller risks of a fall of price between the time of making a decision and the time of selling their products.
8. Having the aim to maximize profit, the producer should make a decision how to reduce inputs.
10. Замените русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами.
1. Large quantities of one good may be needed for compensating small reduction in the other good if a (постоянный) level of (полезности) is (должен поддерживаться).
2. In a free market it (предполагается) that every producer seeks to (максимизировать) profits by selling the product at the highest possible price, and every buyer seeks to (максимизировать полезность) by obtaining the product at the lowest possible price.