Александр Скальв Сонеты Шекспира: Вдохновение реальностью. Историческая головоломка читать онлайн страница 10
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggarding:
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee.

Сонет 2

Указание на продолжительность жизни – «сорок зим – forty winters». Тон поучения адресату.

Сонет 2. Оригинальный текст
When forty winters shall besiege thy brow,
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field,
Thy youth’s proud livery so gazed on now
Will be a tottered weed of small worth held:
Then being asked where all thy beauty lies,
Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,
To say within thine own deep-sunken eyes
Were an all-eating shame, and thriftless praise.
How much more praise deserved thy beauty’s use,
If thou couldst answer, «This fair child» of mine
Shall sum my count, and make my old excuse’,
Proving his beauty by succession thine.
This were to be new made when thou art old,
And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it соld

Сонет 3

Однозначное указание на пол адресата. Ведь только мужчине может отказать «та, чьё не возделано лоно – For where is she so fair whose uneared womb Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?».

Указание на знакомство с матерью адресата – Thou art thy mother’s glass. Её красота как аргумент для адресата. Тон поучения адресату.

Сонет 3. Оригинальный текст
Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest,
Now is the time that face should form another,
Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,
Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
For where is she so fair whose uneared womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?
Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
Of his self-love to stop posterity?
Thou art thy mother’s glass, and she in thee
Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.
But if thou live rememb’red not to be,
Die single, and thine image dies with thee.

Сонет 4

Указание на знакомство Шекспира с кредитованием и ростовщичеством – Profitless usurer. Тон поучения адресату.

Сонет 4. Оригинальный текст
Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend
Upon thyself thy beauty’s legacy?
Nature’s bequest gives nothing, but doth lend,
And being frank she lends to those are free:
Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou abuse
The bounteous largess given thee to give?
Profitless usurer, why dost thou use
So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?
For having traffic with thyself alone,
Thou of thyself thy sweet self dost deceive:
Then how, when Nature calls thee to be gone,
What acceptable audit canst thou leave?
Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,
Which used lives th’executor to be.

Сонет 5

Рассуждение о сохранении «соков лета – summer’s distillation» находится в русле той же темы. Теперь акцент сделан на необходимости не упустить время для сохранения красоты и памяти жизни – Beauty’s effect with beauty were bereft, Nor it nor no remembrance what it was».

Но обращения к адресату нет. Это ничего не меняет для адресности сонета, ведь в этом нет противоречия.

Сонет 5. Оригинальный текст
Those hours that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell
Will play the tyrants to the very same,
And that unfair which fairly doth excel;
For never-resting time leads summer on
To hideous winter and confounds him there,
Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,