In modern physics, all of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions: the strong and weak forces as nuclear forces acting at very short distances and responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles; the electromagnetic force acting between electric charges, and the gravitational force acting between masses, as the Earth-body system.

All of the forces in the universe are tended to be interrelated and united as a single super symmetrical force or supra power, one proto force. The idea of force as pervading all space and matter revolutionized Newtonian physics of classical mechanics. In 1820, Orsted made a critical discovery guided by his firm belief that chemical affinity, electricity, heat, magnetism, gravitation and light are simply manifestations of the basic forces of attraction and repulsion. The unified field theory of a single fundamental force had fully occupied Einstein for 30 years.

The weak and electromagnetic forces are already manifestations or expressions of a more fundamental electroweak interaction. A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is to relate the electroweak interaction with the strong force of QCD.

Theories of everything are to integrate GUTs with quantum gravity theories, which include string theory, loop quantum gravity, or twistor theory, looking for a graviton or the time-space quantum properties to close the Standard Model list of force particles. Which are force carriers or messenger particles of underlying fields, such as photons mediating the interaction of electric charges, gluons mediating the interaction of color charges, hypothetical gravitons for gravitation, or virtual gauge bosons interacting with matter particles, fermions, attracting and repelling each other.

If electroweak unification occurs just at around 100 GeV and grand unification, at 10^>16 GeV, the unification of the GUT force with gravity is expected at the Planck energy, with a proto force particle, say, the prime force particle of God, at 10^>19 GeV.

Some theories beyond the Standard Model include the modern cosmology forces: an inflationary force and dark energy, a hypothetical fifth force, the search for such a force is an ongoing line of experimental research in physics. In the super symmetry theories, there are scalar fields such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space, acquiring their masses through super symmetry breaking to exchange new forces. New forces might account for the recent discovery of the universe expansion accelerating, or gravitational repulsion, a nonzero cosmological constant, vacuum energy, some changes of general relativity, as well as CP violations, dark matter, dark flow, or dark energy, having a strong negative pressure (acting inversely repulsively), with a view to come to a dynamically reversible cyclic model of the universe.

In fact, there might exist a reversed, or inverted, negative form of matter, with negative gravity, which qualitatively different to antimatter, materials composed of antiparticles, invisible to us as the curving of space, but detectable through its anti-gravitational effects of repulsion. This condition could be referred to as Dark Matter existing in a 5th dimensional hyperspace, being part of space-time's matter and equal in amount to ordinary, baryonic matter. Then inverted space-time becomes negative hyperspace and formally described by imaginary numbers, with all the nonstandard consequences as to its properties and behavior. There is a cosmological speculation as to a real composition of the universe. The standard model of cosmology indicates that dark energy contributes 68.3% of the total energy in the whole observable universe, with its density as low as (~ 7 × 10