Let us briefly elaborate again on the rationale for this approach to physical-economic modeling. Market agents, forced to constantly work on the market in a continuously changing situation, are aware that the prices and quantities declared by them in the point strategy may not suit the counterparty at a given time. Based on previous experience in the market, they are well aware that they cannot know exactly how prices and quantities will develop in the market even in the near future. They are already used to operating in a market with great uncertainty, entailing high risks and the resulting potential costs. As a result, they realize that in the market they should always consider all their decisions and actions as possible with a certain degree of probability. This probabilistic aspect of the process of market decision-making is of great importance for understanding the behavior of agents in the market and the market as a whole [Mises, 2005; Gilboa et al., 2008]. Market agents think and act as homo oscillans. That is why they are forced to enter the real market not with discrete strategies, but with continuous strategies which can be represented by continuous probability distributions with certain widths correlated with the amount of uncertainty in the market situation in a given period of time.

As already noted, the description of continuous strategies requires the use of two-dimensional functions S&D, D(p, q), and S(p, q). Of course, it is rather tedious to calculate and analyze two-dimensional functions representing three-dimensional surfaces already in the case of a one-commodity market. For this reason, we will take one more step in simplifying our models, which will make it possible to perform economic calculations of real multi-agent markets and to analyze the results obtained by our method at the highest scientific level. Thus, we a priori assume that we can factorize the agent functions S&D with a sufficient degree of accuracy, i.e. we can approximate their representation as a product of one-dimensional functions as follows:

This type of factorization and the corresponding approximation, in which the price and quantitative variables are separated, will be called PQ-factorization and PQ-approximation, respectively. Here d^>P(p) ands^>P(p) are one-dimensional price functions, d^>Q(q) and s^>Q(q) are one-dimensional quantity functions of S&D normalized by definition to 1:

C^>D and C^>S are simply normalization factors. They are derived from the condition of such a natural normalization selection of the agent functions S&D:

Here D^>0 and S^>0 are obviously total demand and complete supply of the buyer and seller, respectively. Below we will also omit the word «total» for the sake of brevity. It is easy to show that the agent S&D-functions, D(p, q) and S(p, q), normalized in this way, are dimensionless functions. It is also obvious that in the point or discrete strategy described above, one-dimensional functions are represented by the so-called Dirac delta functions as follows:

Keep in mind, that the special Dirac function by definition is zero everywhere except at the zero point, where it is equal to infinity, and its integral from minus infinity to plus infinity is 1. By the way, these functions can be applied to describe the probability functions of monopolist and monopsonist supply and demand in real markets.