These quotations are made, of course, taking into account all the circumstances affecting the market operation: institutions, etc. In our view, quotations made by market agents are the essence of the main market phenomenon of classical economic theory in the view of the Austrian economic school, namely the market process [Mises, 2005], consisting of specific acts of choice and actions of market agents, which ultimately lead buyers and sellers to the conclusion of purchase and sale transactions. Graphically, we can depict these quotations as trajectories of agents' movement in economic space (Fig. 1.3). In real market life, these quotations are discrete time functions, but, for the sake of simplicity, we will depict them graphically (just like the S&D functions) as continuous straight lines. Such an approximation does not lead in this case to a loss of generality, because these functions are intended only to illustrate the most general details of the market mechanism and the way they are described (see Fig. 1.3). In their economic sense, such diagrams characterize the temporal dynamics of the market.

Fig. 1.2. Graphical representation of the discrete strategy of buyer’s and seller’s market behavior represented by the two points, A(p^>D, q^>D) and B(p^>S, q^>S), in the two-dimensional price-quantity space at some particular moment in time for the model grain market. p^>D = 280,0 $/ton, q^>D = 50,0 ton/year, p^>S = 285,0 $/ton, q^>S = 52,0 ton/year.

We will speak (for the sake of brevity) of this aggregate agents’ movement as market behavior, and sometimes as the economy evolution over time. All these terms are essentially synonymous in this context of discussion. Thus, by putting up desired prices and quantities as their quotations, buyers and sellers take part in the market process, proceeding here in the format of negotiations between bargaining people (homo negotians) seeking to bargain for the best terms for themselves in concluding a deal and achieving market goals. Let us note that in reality the actions of market agents include the procedures of concluding final deals along with quotations, but these procedures are automatically accounted by means of changing quotations by market agents after the conclusion of deals. Therefore, there is no need to Explicitly include the procedure of concluding transactions in the structure of agents' actions, it is enough to take into account only the quotation process in the course of trading.

Fig. 1.3. Diagram of buyer and seller trajectories. The dynamics of the classical two-agent market economy in the economic space of price (a) and quantity (b) is depicted. Together, both parts of the figure represent the evolution of the economy over time in two-dimensional PQ-space.

This whole trading process, or simply bargaining, can be interpreted as a dynamic business exchange game between buyer and seller with the purpose of making a profit or achieving some other goal.

Let’s suppose that the negotiations went well and ended with the conclusion of a sale and purchase deal at time t_>1^>E. This means that at that moment in time the values of prices (p^>D(t) and (p^>S(t)) and quantities (q^>D(t) and (q^>S(t)) in the quotations become equal, since obviously only specific mutually agreed price