The book, as noted above, is the collection of lectures, each of which is called to answer one or several questions given above. The genre of lecture (or essay) is selected for the purpose of concentrating on the compact, clear presentation of physical economics. In it I have used a whole series of new ideas, concepts and notions for the economic theory, which arise from theoretical physics. I believe I have succeeded in avoiding the necessity of making numerous surveys and references, the like of which can be found in most other textbooks on economics and economic history. Therefore, references in the book are made only to those sources which were actually used for the fulfillment of studies, the development of models, and writing of the book. To provide convenience to students in lectures, figures and fragments of the text are reproduced several times in some chapters.

It should be emphasized once more that I borrowed ideas, concepts and notions from physics, many of which are completely consistent with the discoveries of the classical economic theories of the 19th century, the first of which being the subjective theory of value. This concerns first and foremost such important milestones in the development of classical economic theory as [5]:

1. Regularity in the sequence of market economic phenomena.

2. Exclusive and dominant roles of market agents in the market phenomena.

3. Uncertainty of the future and the probabilistic nature of all market agents’ decisions.

4. Social cooperation of market agents etc.

All these aspects of human economic activities have an exceptionally important effect on market processes and determine the course of economic development. But any formal methods of providing an adequate formal description of these economic phenomena and processes at a strict mathematical level in economic theory, until now, have been absent. Necessity and expediency of borrowing by economics from physics is substantiated by the fact that theoretical physics already developed sophisticated mathematical methods to incorporate analogous concepts into formal physical models. The method of equations of motion was first, and uses systems of differential equations of the 1st and 2nd orders, but economic theory still did not.

I would like to stress here that this creative process of the transfer of the formal methods of physics into classical economic theory presents the main point of the concept of the agent-based physical modeling of the economic systems and physical economics as a whole. One can say that, in essence, physical economics is first and foremost the mathematical apparatus of classical economic theory at the contemporary level of its development. This mathematical apparatus is borrowed from theoretical physics and has therefore practically nothing to do with the mathematical apparatus of neoclassical economics.

In order not to overload the text of the book by the descriptions of the known concepts of classical economic theory upon which I rested in this investigation, I make use of complete quotations from the fundamental monograph of Ludwig von Mises [5] as epigraphs to each part and chapter of the book, with two exceptions. This method allowed me to avoid the mixing of completely different styles of the presentation in the book, which could hinder the perception of the text by readers. This is very important for me, since I have attempted to not to disappoint the readers, and to convince them of how it is fruitful to make use of achievements in theoretical physics for the development of economics. The point is not in the book’s detail, but rather in its broader concept of agent-based physical modeling of economic systems, which, in my view, has enormous potential. Here lies, I think, a new and enormous field for investigation, in which an abundant harvest will be gathered for many decades yet to come. I hope that the readers will obtain a certain benefit from the acquaintance with this new physical economic perspective for economic theory.