Take Fairphone, a Dutch company deeply concerned about the growing problem of electronic waste, which is increasing faster than any other type of waste. Annually, 1.4 billion smartphones are sold, each with a lifespan of just two to three years, and merely 20 % of these devices are recycled. Monique Lempers, Fairphone’s Impact Innovation Director, attributes this issue partly to the economic models of many businesses, which push for higher sales by convincing consumers to replace phones that are still functional. This trend harms the planet through excessive resource consumption and results in toxic waste affecting people and wildlife. Fairphone addresses this by manufacturing smartphones from recyclable materials and designing devices for reparability.

Another Dutch initiative, 2050 Factory, tackles textile waste. According to founder Naz Kawan, too much fabric is produced and excess is discarded. 2050 Factory seeks out surplus fabric from other manufacturers, reducing the need for new production, and repurposes it. Similarly, Roetz, another Dutch company, produces bicycles from scrap metal, recycling old and discarded bikes.

Hester Van Buren, Vice Mayor of Amsterdam, notes: “Due to the climate crisis, business as usual is no longer viable. Companies must mitigate their environmental impact. Unfortunately, many still expand at the expense of nature and human well-being, disregarding the finite nature of our planet’s resources. To change this trajectory, we need fundamental shifts in how we work, produce, consume, and travel. Innovation, mutual care, and respect for nature are key. Social entrepreneurs are at the forefront of this change.”

A core principle of social enterprises is the respect for and support of the underprivileged. These businesses oppose exploitation in all forms, ensuring fair wages that never fall below subsistence minimum, practicing inclusive employment, and actively hiring individuals with disabilities. For instance, Azima Dhanjee’s ConnectHear in Pakistan develops technologies for the hearing impaired and assists other companies in employing and collaborating with people with disabilities. Meanwhile, Tiemen Ter Hoeven’s Roetz employs individuals with mental challenges and those in difficult economic or social circumstances.

Global conflicts and economic crises influence migration patterns, posing unique challenges for social entrepreneurs working with refugees and migrants. Governments’ responses vary, with many policies exacerbating inequality and the plight of refugees. In contrast, social enterprises focus on addressing the security, health, education, and employment needs of these groups.

For example, Kakuma Ventures in Kenya’s Kakuma refugee camp offers digital access and services, connecting residents to the internet for online education (including higher education), job finding, and remote work. This connectivity facilitates quicker integration into local society, as described by camp co-founder Innocent Tshilombo. Such initiatives empower refugees, reducing their reliance on host country assistance.

In Germany, the StartSteps startup aids migrants in entering the tech industry. It offers career guidance, training assistance, and job placement. Mozamel Aman, co-founder and CEO of StartSteps, explains: “Our aim is to empower refugees to be self-reliant and financially independent, contributing to the society they live in, rather than solely relying on state aid. While not all governments recognize the importance of supporting refugees in this manner, we are committed to this exact way of addressing the global challenges of refugee and migrant integration.”