J.: Exactly. Furthermore, each instance can be allocated its own resources like CPU, memory, and storage. We can even assign them to specific VLANs.

K.: Pardon? 6._____ (I/catch/didn’t) what VLANs are.

J.: A VLAN is a Virtual Local Area Network. It’s used to separate networks or network segments logically without needing two physical networks. This helps in efficient utilization of resources within an organization’s network infrastructure. So, it’s like having different groups of logical switches so we can control LAN traffic depending upon users or applications you wish to provide connectivity to.

K.: I see. You also mentioned RAM. How can it affect server’s performance?

J.: The amount of RAM will determine how many programs you can run simultaneously and how fast it could be. If there isn’t enough RAM, the system will slow down or crash because it doesn’t have enough available memory to handle all the requests.

K.: 7._____ (got/I/it). And what about security?

J.: Don’t worry. We use firewalls, encryption methods, antivirus software, and regular maintenance updates to keep our servers secure.

K.: 8._____ (now,/That’s/you/clear/thanks). I have one more question: how do we ensure that our server is always operating efficiently?

J.: It’s easy. We monitor its performance regularly, analyse usage patterns, and make adjustments which are needed to optimise its speed and reliability.

K. All right. 9._____ (Thanks/all this/ for explaining).

J.: No problem. See you!

4. Read the text once again and answer the questions:

– What information does Kate want to know?

– What is the difference between a physical server and an OpenStack VM?

– How does RAM affect server performance?

– What other security measures can be used to protect servers?

5. Write the missing letters to complete the words:

server _n-pr_m_se – a physical server which is located in company’s building or data center.

appl_ca_ion – a program which performs exact functions for users.

to _o_t – to be somewhere e.g., in cloud

vir_ual ma_h_ne – a resource that uses software instead of a physical computer to run programs and deploy apps.

In_t_n_e – another name for VM used for clouds

to _ll_cate – to divide

_L_N – a network that groups together devices that share a physical LAN, isolating the traffic for each group.

ut_l_za_ion – using something

network infrastructure – a set of hardware and software to maintain a network.

to _ff_ct – to influence on something

p_rfo_m_nce – how well something works

to slo_ do_n – to move slower

to _rash – to fall, to break

to h_n_le – to deal with something

r_q_est – a message with the task

_ncr_pt_on – a changing of data into a secret code to protect an information from stealing

m_inten_nc_ upd_te – a new release of software without new functions for fixing bugs

to mon_tor – to check

to anal_se – to study in detail

adjus_me_t – a small change

to opt_mise – to make something better

6. Complete the situations with the words from the ex.5:

affect monitor VM slow down network infrastructure allocate application server on-premise host optimise

1.Stanley: «Can you please create a new ______ for testing?»

Dave: «Ok, but firstly I need to know if we ______ enough resources to do it.»

2.Jenny: «Do we need to install the ______?»

David: «Why not? It’s more secure that way.»

3.Ann: «Does the new software ______ the current system?»

Oliver: «Yes, it does. We need to test it before implementing.»

4. Elena: «What ______ did you install yesterday?»

Martha: «Spotify. I finally decided to try it.»

5.Nora: «Can a network infrastructure ______ over time?»