warehouse – склад;

оптовый магазин;

tangible – материальный;

intangible – нематериальный;

notes receivable – амер. векселя к получению;

cash – наличность;

equipment – оборудование;

real estate – недвижимость;

retail business – розничная торговля;

surplus – 1) излишек, избыток; 2) нераспределенная прибыль;

total receipts – общая сумма поступления;

bookkeeping – бухгалтерский учет;

merchandise – товары;

money borrowed – деньги, взятые взаймы;

in bulk orders – заказ в большом количестве;

financial investment – финансовые инвестиции.

2.2.4.2 Задание 2. Прочитайте текст переведите его письменно

Today small businesses are the heart of the market economy. There are a great number and variety of small businesses. People become owners and operators of small business firms in one of three ways: start a new firm, buy a franchise, buy or inherit an existing firm.

Small firms have been established to do just about any kind of business imaginable. They have been established to manufacture and distribute goods, to sell them at retail, and, of course, to provide all kinds of needed services. Some serve only the local community, while others function in national and international markets.

The vast majority of small firms concentrate on selling material products, although an increasing number of firms provide a service. Although an increasing number operate in local markets, services, too, are exported. In recent years there has been a great increase in the export of services, such as management consulting, medical, and technological services.

The existence of a strong, healthy small business community has always been recognized as the best way to preserve competition, prevent monopolistic control of any industries, and thus assure the population of the benefits of competition through better prices and quality products. Incentives have been provided to assist small firms. The government of the US created the Small Business Administration (SBA) in 1954 to provide financial, management, and procurement assistance for small firms.

There are some facts that illustrate the importance of small business. According to the Small Business Administration:

– 99 % of all businesses in the US can be classified as small;

– 43 % of the gross national product is contributed by small business;

– while large business has been cutting back employment, small business has been creating new jobs;

– many of new products and services in the US are created by small businesses.

Numerous definitions of the term "small business" exist. A small business is one which is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field of operation. A small business is one which possesses at least two of the following four characteristics: 1) management of the firm is independent. Usually the managers are also the owners; 2) capital is supplied and the ownership is held by an individual or a small group; 3) the area of operation is mainly local, with the workers and owners living in one home community. However, the markets need not be local; 4) the relative size of the firm within its industry must be small when compared with the biggest units in its field. Of the characteristics cited, most scholars believe that the fourth, relative size, is the most important.

The SBA traditionally uses the following criteria for defining small business: retailing (sales volume), service (sales volume), wholesaling (sales volume), manufacturing (number of employees).

The following is a list of terms that can be used to describe a business. Each term tells something about the size of a business. Total assets – all that a business owns.